Sarcouncil Journal of Medical Series

Abstract: Hyperthyroidism, a common endocrine disorder characterized by excessive thyroid hormone secretion, exerts significant effects on various physiological systems, including hematopoiesis. Thyroid dysfunction may lead to hematological abnormalities such as anemia, erythrocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and alterations in red blood cell indices. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of hyperthyroidism on red blood cell indices and other hematological parameters among patients in Diyala Governorate. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 22, 2024, to March 14, 2025. Data were collected from individuals diagnosed with or suspected of thyroid dysfunction. Hematological parameters including red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and white blood cell count (WBC) were measured and analyzed for statistical significance. Results: This study included 59 samples, including 29 samples from a group of healthy people, including 14 women and 15 men, as well as 30 samples suffering from hyperthyroidism, including 15 men and 15 women. A statistically significant association was observed between hyperthyroidism and alterations in RBC, Hb, and WBC values. Conclusions: The study concludes that hyperthyroidism significantly affects hematological parameters, particularly RBC, Hb, and WBC levels. The majority of affected individuals were middle-aged women. The findings support the need for routine hematological monitoring in hyperthyroid patients. Moreover, gender-based differences in hematological responses suggest the importance of personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Further large-scale, multi-regional studies are recommended to validate these findings.